Name: Surendra Pal Singh

Designation: Research Scholar

Date of Registration: 01/01/2009

Topic: Virtual 3D City model by using Geomatics techniques

Brief Overview of Thesis :
        3D city model is a three dimensional digital representation of a city. In recent time, 3D city model creation demand is increasing for various engineering and non-engineering applications. Geomatics is an umbrella term used for mapping techniques. Photogrammetry (Close Range, Aerial & Satellite photogrammetry) and lasergrammetry are the main geomatics techniques to create virtual 3D city model. Cost, time, labour and accuracy are the key issue for any 3D city model related project.
       Now a days, various software packages are available in the market to create 3D city model by using various methods and techniques. Each and every technique has some positive and some negative aspects. These techniques are not complete itself to create 3D city model.
       Limited study and research work has been done in India for 3D city modeling. For 3D city model generation, limited literature and very few methods are available. Due to these main problems, a new methods/process is required for 3D city model generation.
        All over the world, many people and researchers are working to create virtual 3D city model by using geomatics techniques. In this research work, first; analyze the potential and limitations of the SketchUp based 3D city model, CityEngine based 3D city model and Photomodeler based 3D city model. These softwares have some advantages with limitations too and not much suitable for 3D city modeling. Advantages and limitations also discussed for these approaches.
        In this research approach, a methodology is developed to create image based virtual 3D city model using close range photogrammetric principles. A simple video camera used for video recording of a city from indigenously developed a multi-camera setup system. From these video, images frames were created. These image frames were used for 3D processing based on close range photogrammetry and computer vision based methods. After 3D processing of these image frames, a virtual 3D model of an area has been created. This 3D model was further exported to next data combination processing. From this method, a virtual 3D model of study area has been created. In this research work, study area was Civil Engineering Department at Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, (Uttrakhand) India.
       This developed method is better and validated. It is a simple and accurate method. The methodology proved the effectiveness of geomatics techniques mainly close range photogrammetry. For this method, user should have knowledge of geomatics techniques mainly close range photogrammetry. Most of the processing is automatic, that save the cost, time and labour work of project. In this method, the accuracy of 3D model depends on measurement of dimensions and it’s scaling. Thus 3D model is near to accurate value. Texture quality is also good to give photo-realistic look. This method is also suitable for high density building area. This method also has very few limitations. At the end, some conclusions and recommendations for future work are also discussed.
       This kind of 3D city model is useful for various engineering and non-engineering applications such as – Planning for civil engineering and architecture related projects, 3D Transportation planning, 3D navigation, virtual tourism, e-governance, disaster management planning and preservation of historical buildings and forts. This method is also useful for municipality to encroachment identification.

Paper Published (National/International)
International Papers (In Journal) :
  • Using Rational Polynomial Coefficients (RPC) to generate digital elevation models – a comparative study”, (2009), Kamal Jain, V. Ravibabu Mandla, J.A. Shafi, & Surendra Pal Singh, Applied GIS, 5(2), 1-11.
  • Accuracy Improvement of ASTER Stereo Satellite Generated DEM Using Texture Filter”, (2010), Mandla V. Ravibabu, Kamal Jain, Surendra Pal Singh, Naga Jyothi Meeniga, December, Geo-spatial Information Science 13(4):257-262 Volume 13, Issue 4.
  • A Text to Speech System for Hindi using English Language”. A. Chauhan, Vineet Chauhan, Surendra P. Singh, Ajay K. Tomar, Himanshu Chauhan, International Journal of Computer Science and Technology (IJCST), Vol. 2, Issue 3, September 2011, ISSN: 2229- 4333(Print), ISSN: 0976-8491(Online).
  • Design and Calibration of Multi Camera setup for 3D City modeling,” (2013), Surendra Pal Singh, Kamal Jain,V. Ravibabu Mandla, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), Vol. 2, Issue 5, May.
  • Image Based 3D Modeling of Campus (Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India) by Using SketchUp”, (2013), Surendra Pal Singh, Kamal Jain, V. Ravibabu Mandla, International Journal of Advanced Civil Engineering and Architecture Research, September, Volume 2, Issue 1, pp. 65-71, Article ID Tech-168.
  • Virtual 3D Campus Modeling by using Close Range Photogrammetry”, (2013), Surendra Pal Singh, Kamal Jain, V. Ravibabu Mandla, American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Vol.1, No.6, Page-200-205. December, doi: 10.12691/ajcea-1-6-9.
  • 3D Scene Reconstruction from Video Camera for Virtual 3D City Modeling”, (2014), Surendra Pal Singh, Kamal Jain, V. Ravibabu Mandla, American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), Volume-03, Issue-01, January, pp-140-148.
  • Image based Virtual 3D Campus modeling by using CityEngine”, (2014), Surendra Pal Singh, Kamal Jain, V. Ravibabu Mandla, American Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Research,Vol.2,No.1, January 2014, PP: 01-10, ISSN: 2327-8269 (Online).
National Papers (In Journal) :
  • 3D Building Modeling from Close Range Photogrammetry”, (2012), Surendra Pal Singh, V.Ravibabu Mandla, Kamal Jain, International conference in Geomatrix-12, Feb 26-29, CSRE, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, India. (The Best Poster award)
  • Virtual 3D City Modeling : Techniques and Applications”, (2013), Surendra Pal Singh, Kamal Jain, V. Ravibabu Mandla, International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XL-2/W2, ISPRS 8th 3DGeoInfo Conference & WG II/2 Workshop, 27 – 29 November, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Image based 3D City modeling: Comparative study”, (2014), Surendra Pal Singh, Kamal Jain, V. Ravibabu Mandla”, International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, ISPRS Technical Commission V Symposium on Close-range imaging, ranging and applications,23 – 25 June 2014, Riva del Garda, Italy.
  • A New Approach towards Image Based Virtual 3D City Modeling by using Close Range Photogrammetry”, (2014), Surendra Pal Singh, Kamal Jain, V. Ravibabu Mandla, International Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, ISPRS Technical Commission V Symposium on Close-range imaging, ranging and applications,23 – 25 June 2014, Riva del Garda, Italy.
Papers (in National Conference):
  • Virtual 3D City model for G-governance”, (2011), Surendra Pal Singh, V. Ravibabu Mandla, Kamal Jain, Regional Conference on “Good governance problems and solutions” at the University of Kashmir, Srinagar from 13-14 September.

Awards :
  • MHRD Fellowship award from 1st January, 2009 to 31st December 2012.
  • The best paper (as poster) award in International conference in Geomatrix-12, Feb 26-29, CSRE, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, India